Spanish glossary¶
This page codifies the terminology rules from LYNX_CORTEX_ADDENDUM.md §A17. Every Spanish translation in the repo (*.es.md files) follows these rules.
🇪🇸 Esta página define los términos a usar al traducir el currículo al español. Cada archivo
*.es.mddel repositorio sigue estas reglas.
1. English loanwords (keep verbatim, no parenthesis)¶
These English words are in active Spanish technical use; translating them is unnatural. Keep them as-is. No parenthetical gloss.
| Term | Notes |
|---|---|
switch |
network device — everyone says switch |
router |
network device — enrutador exists but router is dominant |
framework |
marco exists but is rarely used |
software, hardware, firmware |
universal |
bug, commit, push, pull request, merge, rebase, branch |
git workflow vocabulary |
endpoint, payload, request, response |
HTTP / API vocabulary |
cache, pipeline, batch, mini-batch |
systems / ML vocabulary |
script, log, query |
universal |
token, tokenizer, tokenization |
NLP-specific |
embedding, attention, transformer |
ML architectures |
prompt, prompt injection, jailbreak |
LLM vocabulary |
dataset, feature, label |
data science |
notebook |
Jupyter / Marimo |
repo, repository |
git — repositorio works too; either is fine |
default, string, boolean, array |
universal |
wrapper, helper, mock, stub |
engineering |
release, rollback, rollout, deploy, deployment |
ops |
bandwidth or ancho de banda |
both acceptable — see §2 for the preferred form |
2. Spanish term first, English in parentheses (on first mention per page)¶
These have established Spanish translations and should be translated, with the English term in parentheses on the first mention of a page:
| Spanish term | English original |
|---|---|
| Tecnologías de la Información (IT) | Information Technology |
| aprendizaje automático (machine learning) | machine learning |
| aprendizaje profundo (deep learning) | deep learning |
| aprendizaje por refuerzo (reinforcement learning) | reinforcement learning |
| red neuronal | neural network |
| capa | layer (e.g. capa de atención) |
| pérdida / función de pérdida | loss / loss function |
| descenso de gradiente | gradient descent |
| retropropagación (backpropagation) | backpropagation |
| regularización | regularization |
| sobreajuste (overfitting) | overfitting |
| infraajuste (underfitting) | underfitting |
| ajuste fino (fine-tuning) | fine-tuning |
| sintonización | tuning (general) |
| inferencia | inference |
| entrenamiento | training |
| muestra / muestreo | sample / sampling |
| seguridad | security (vs. seguro = safety) |
| amenaza | threat |
| vulnerabilidad | vulnerability |
| ingeniería de prompts | prompt engineering |
| modelo de lenguaje | language model |
| modelo de lenguaje grande (LLM) | large language model |
| ventana de contexto | context window |
| memoria caché | cache memory (system memory tier; the cache term in §1 covers software caches) |
| jerarquía de memoria | memory hierarchy |
| ancho de banda | bandwidth |
| latencia | latency |
| rendimiento | throughput / performance |
| confiabilidad | reliability |
| disponibilidad | availability |
| portabilidad | portability |
| reproducibilidad | reproducibility |
| inmutable | immutable |
| flujo de trabajo | workflow |
| revisión por pares | peer review |
| informe / reporte | report |
| punto de control | checkpoint |
| semilla | seed (as in seed_everything) |
3. Acronyms¶
Use Spanish form first if an established Spanish acronym exists; otherwise stay English. Always gloss on first mention per page.
| Spanish | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IA | AI | Inteligencia Artificial |
| PLN | NLP | Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural |
| MCO | OLS | Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios |
| (none) | CPU, GPU, RAM, ROM, SSD | hardware acronyms — stay English |
| (none) | HTTP, HTTPS, TCP, IP, DNS | protocol acronyms — stay English |
| (none) | JSON, YAML, XML, SQL, CSV | format acronyms — stay English |
| (none) | API, SDK, CLI, IDE | tooling acronyms — stay English |
| (none) | BPE, MLP, MoE, RAG, RLHF, DPO, LoRA, QLoRA, GPT, ViT, CLIP, KV cache | ML acronyms — stay English |
| (none) | DoD, SLO, SLA, KPI | ops acronyms — stay English |
| (none) | CI, CD, PR | git/CI acronyms — stay English |
4. Identifier / path / command rules¶
These are never translated, regardless of context:
- File and directory paths:
learners/borja/profile.md,src/miniportal/,docs/phase-00-foundations/theory/00-motivation.md. - Shell commands and recipes:
just setup,uv sync --frozen,git clone,ruff check. - Code identifiers in inline code spans:
seed_everything(seed),manifest.json,PHASE_00_REPORT.md. - The 20 verbs of the §A13 corpus:
work, play, walk, talk, listen, watch, study, finish, start, look, want, like, be, have, do, go, come, see, eat, write— these are the model's input vocabulary. - Spec section refs:
§A13,§7.2 of LYNX_CORTEX.md. - Conventional Commits prefixes:
feat:,fix:,docs:,phase:,chore:.
5. Tone and regional register¶
Spanish translations target Spain-Spanish technical register (the active learner is in Spain). Where Latin-American variants differ:
ordenador(notcomputadora)vídeo(notvideo)- impersonal /
túforms in instructional text,ustedonly when formal address is unavoidable
When a sentence reads more naturally with the English term inline, defer to the English term (per §1). Forced translations like enrutador over router or marco over framework are awkward and not used.
6. Examples¶
English source:
The router forwards packets; the switch keeps a MAC address table per port.
Spanish mirror:
El router reenvía paquetes; el switch mantiene una tabla de direcciones MAC por puerto.
English source:
Backpropagation is gradient descent applied to a computation graph using the chain rule.
Spanish mirror:
La retropropagación (backpropagation) es descenso de gradiente aplicado a un grafo de cómputo usando la regla de la cadena.
English source:
Run
just setupto provision the environment; this callsuv sync --extra core --extra dev.
Spanish mirror:
Ejecuta
just setuppara aprovisionar el entorno; esto invocauv sync --extra core --extra dev.
English source:
Phase 32 ships a grammar tutor agent: read an English sentence, propose conjugation corrections.
Spanish mirror:
La Fase 32 entrega un agente tutor de gramática: lee una frase en inglés y propone correcciones de conjugación.
7. When in doubt¶
If a term is not in §1–§3, prefer the form most natural for a Spanish-speaking software engineer reading their own native technical literature. When unsure, leave the English term and flag the case to the maintainer — adding a new row to this glossary is the canonical fix, not picking an ad-hoc translation.